JAVA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS



 
1.what  is a transient variable?
A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.
 
2.which containers use a border Layout as their default layout?
The window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their default layout.
 
3.Wh y do threads block  on I/O?
Threads block on i/o (that is enters the waiting state) so that other threads may execute
while the i/o Operation is performed.
 
4. How are Observ er and Observable used?
Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an
Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to
notify the observers that it has changed state. The  Observer interface is implemented by
objects that observe Observable objects.
 
5. What is synchronization and why is it important?
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one
thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or
updating that object's value. This often leads to significant errors.
 
6. Can a lock be acquired on a class?
Yes, a lock can be  acquired on a class. This lock is acquired on the  class's Class object..
 
7. What's new with the stop(), suspend() and resume() methods in JDK 1.2?
The stop(), suspend() and resume() methods have  been depr ecated in JDK 1.2.
 
8. Is null a keyword?
The null value is not a keyword.
 
9. What is the preferred size of a component?
The preferred size of a component is the minimum component size that will allow the
component to display normally.
 
10. What method is used to specify a container's layout?
The setLayout() method is used to specify a container's layout.
 
11. Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?
The Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayo ut as their default layout.
 
12. What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing?
When a thread terminates its processing, it enters the dead state.

13. What is the Collections API?
The Collections API is a set of classes  and interfaces that support operations on
collections of objects.
 
14. Which characters may be used as the second character of an identifier, but not as the first character of an identifier?
The digits 0 through 9 may not be used as the first character of an identifier but they may
be used after the first character of an identifier.
 
15. What is the List interface?
The List interface provides support for ord ered collections of objects.
 
16. How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows?
It uses those low order b ytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by
the operation.
 
17. What is the Vector class?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects
 
18. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an  outer class?
A (non-local) inner class may b e declared  as public, protected, private, static, final, or
abstract.
 
19. What is an Iterator interface?
The Iterator interface is used to step through the  elements of a C ollection.
 
20. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?
The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right. The >>> zero-fills bits that have
been shifted out.
 
21. Which method of the Component class is used to set the position and size of a component?
setBounds()
 
22. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters?
Unicode requires 16 bits and ASCII require 7 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses
only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 represents characters u sing 8, 16,
and 18 bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.
 
23What is the difference between yielding and sleeping?
When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes
its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state.
 
24. Which java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?
The EventObject class and the EventListener interface support event processing.
 
25. Is sizeof a k eyword?
The sizeof operator is not a keyword.
 
26. What are wrapped classes?
Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
 
27. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory?
Garbage collection does not guar antee that a program will not run out of memory. It is
possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they ar e garbage collected.
It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection
 
28. What restrictions are placed on the location of a pack age statement within a source cod e file?
A package statement must appear as the first line in a source code file (excluding blank
lines and comments).
 
29. Can an object's finalize() method be invoked while it is reachable?
An object's finalize() method cannot be invoked by the garbage collector while the object
is still reachable. However, an object's finalize() method may be invoked by other
objects.
 
30. What is the immediate superclass of the Applet class?
Panel
 
31. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting
or dead states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task
executes for a p redefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks. The
scheduler then d etermines which task should execute next, based on priority and 
other factors.
 
32. Name three Component subclasses that support painting.
The Canvas, Frame, Pan el, and Applet classes support painting.
 
33. What value does readLine() return when it has reached the end of a file?
The readLine() method returns null when it has reached the end of a  file.
 
34. What is the immediate superclass of the Dialog class?
Window

35. What is clipping?
Clipping is the process of confining p aint operations to a limited area or shape.
 
36. What is a native method?
A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java.
 
37. Can a for statement loop indefinitely?
Yes, a for statement can loop indefinitely. For example, consider the following:
for(;;) ;
 
38. What are order of precedence and associativity, and how ar e they used?
Order of precedence determines the order in which operators are  evaluated  in
expressions. Associatity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-to-right or
right-to-left
 
39. When a thread blocks on I/O, what state does it enter?
A thread enters the waiting state when it blocks on I/O.
 
40. To what value is a variable of the String type automatically initialized?
The default value of an String type is null.
 
41. What is the catch or declare rule for method declarations?
If a ch ecked exception may be thrown within the body of  a method, the method must
either catch the ex ception or declare it in its throws clause.
 
42. What is the difference between a Menu Item and a CheckboxMenuItem?
The CheckboxMenuItem class extends the MenuItem class to support a menu item that
may be checked or unchecked.
 
43. What is a task's priority and how is it used in scheduling?
A task's priority is an integer value that identifies the relative order in which it should be
executed with respect to other tasks. The sch eduler attempts to schedule higher priority
tasks before lower priority tasks.
 
44. What class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy?
The java.awt.AWTEvent class is the highest-level class in the AWT event-class
hierarchy.
 
45. When a thread is created and started, wh at is its initial state?
A thread is in the ready state after it has been created and started.
 
46. Can an anonymous class be declared as implementing an interface and  extending a
class?
An anonymous class may implement an interface or extend a superclass, but may not be
declared to do both.
 
47. What is the range of the short type?
The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1.
 
48. What is the range of the char type?
The range of the char type is 0 to 2^16 - 1.
 
49. In which package  are most of the AWT events that support the event-delegation model defined?
Most of the AWT-related events of the event-delegation model are defined in the
java.awt.ev ent package.  The AWTEvent class is defined in the java.awt package.
 
50. What is the immediate superclass of Menu?
MenuItem
 
51. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of  finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform
any cleanup p rocessing before the object is garbage collected.
 
52. Which class is the immediate superclass of the MenuComponent class.
Object
 
53. What invokes a thread's run() method?
After a thread is started, via its start() method or that of the Thread class, the JVM
invokes the thread's run() method when the thread is initially executed.
 
54. What is the difference between the Boolean & operator and the && operator?
If an ex pression involving the Boolean & o perator is evaluated, both operands are
evaluated. Then the & operator is applied to the operand. When an  expression involving
the && operator is evaluated, the first operand is evaluated. If the first operand returns a
value of true then the second operand is evaluated. The && operator is then applied to
the first and second op erands. If the first operand  evaluates to f alse, the evaluation of the
second operand is skipped.
 
55. Name three subclasses of the Component class.
Box.Filler, Button, Canvas, Checkbox, Choice, Container, Label, List, Scrollbar, or
TextComponent
 
56. What is the Grego rianCalendar class?
The Grego rianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars. 
 
57. Which Container method is used to cause a container to be laid out and redisplayed?
validate()
 
58. What is the purpose of the Runtime class?
The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.
 
59. How many times may an object's finalize() method be invoked by the garbage collector?
An object's finalize() method may only be invoked once b y the garbage collector.
 
60. What is the purpose of the finally clause o f a try-catch -finally statement?
The finally clause is used to provide the capability to execute code no matter whether or
not an exception is thrown or caught.
 
61. What is the argument type of  a program's main () method?
A program's main() method takes an ar gument of the String[ ] type.
 
62. Which Java operator is right associative?
The = operator is right associative.
 
63. What is the Locale class?
The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular
geographic, political, or  cultural region.
 
64. Can a double value be cast to a byte?
Yes, a double value can be cast to a byte.
 
65. What is the difference between a br eak statement and a continue statement?
A break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch,
for, do, or while).  A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and
return control to the loop statement.
 
66. What must a class do to implement an interface?
It must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify the interface in its
implements clause.
 
67. What method is invoked to cause  an object to begin executing as a separate thread?
The start() method of the Thread class is invoked to cause an object to begin executing as
a separate thread.
 
68. Name two subclasses of the TextComponent class.
TextField and TextArea
 
69. What is the advantage of the event-delegation model over the earlier event-
inheritance model?
The event-d elegation model has two advantages over the event-inheritan ce model. First,
it enables event handling to be handled by objects other than the ones that generate the
events (or their  containers). This allows a clean separation between a component's design
and its use. The other advantage of the event-delegation model is that it performs much
better in applications where many events are generated. This performance improvement
is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does not have to repeatedly process
unhandled events, as is the case of the event-inheritance model.
 
70. Which containers may have a MenuBar?
Frame
 
71. How are commas used in the intialization and iteration  parts of a for statement?
Commas are used to separate multiple statements within the initialization and iteration
parts of a fo r statement.
 
72. What is the purpose of the wait(), notify( ), and notifyAll() methods?
The wait(),notify(), and notifyAll() methods are used to provide an efficient way for
threads to wait for  a shared resource. When a thread executes an object's wait() method, it
enters the waiting state. It only enters the ready state after another thread invokes the
object's notify() or notif yAll() methods..
 
73. What is an abstract method?
An abstract method is a method whose implementation is deferred to a sub class.
 
74. How are Java source  code files named?
A Java source cod e file takes the name of a public class or interface that is defined within
the file. A source code file may contain at most one public class or interface. If a public
class or interface is defined within a source code file, then the source code  file must take
the name of the public class or interface.  If no pub lic class or interface is defined within a
source cod e file, then the file must take on a name that is different than its classes and
interfaces. Source code files use the .java extension.
 
75. What is the relationship between the Canvas class and the Graphics class?
A Canvas object provides access to a Graphics object via its paint() method.
 
76. What are the high-level thread states?
The high-level thread states are ready, running,  waiting, and dead.
 
77. What value does read() return when it has reached the end of a file?
The read() method returns -1 when it has reached the end of a file.
 
78. Can a Byte object be cast to a double value?
No, an object cannot be cast to a primitive value.
 
79. What is the difference between a static and a n on-static inner class?
A non-static inner class may h ave object instances that are associated with instances of
the class's outer class. A  static inner class does not have any object instances.
   
80. What is the difference between the String and StringBuffer classes?
String objects are constants. StringBuffer objects are not.
 
81. If a variable is declared as private, where may the variable be accessed?
A private variable may only be accessed within the class in which it is declared.
 
82. What is an object's lock and which object's have locks?
An object's lock is a mechanism that is used b y multiple threads to obtain synchronized
access to the object. A thread may execute a synchronized method of an o bject only after
it has acquired the object's lock. All objects and classes have locks. A class's lock is
acquired on the class's Class object.
 
83. What is the Dictionary class?
The Dictionary class provides the capability to store key-v alue pairs.
 
84. How are the elements of a Bo rderLayout organized?
The elements of a Bo rderLayout are o rganized at the borders (North, South, East, and
West) and the center of a container.
 
85. What is the % operator?
It is referred to as the mo dulo or remainder op erator.  It returns the remainder of dividing
the first operand b y the second operand.
 
86. When can an object reference be cast to an interface ref erence?
An object reference b e cast to an interface reference when the object implements the
referenced interf ace.
 
87. What is the difference between a Window and a Frame?
The Frame class extends Window to define a main application window that can have a
menu bar.
 
88. Which class is extended by  all other classes?
The Object class is extended by all other classes.
 
89. Can an object be garbage collected while it is still reachable?
A reachable object canno t be garbage collected. Only unreachable objects may be
garbage collected..
 
90. Is the ternary operator written x : y ? z or x ? y : z ?
It is written x ? y : z.
 
91. What is the difference between the Font and FontMetrics classes?
The FontMetrics class is used to define implementation-specific p roperties,  such as
ascent and descent, of a Font object.
 
92. How is rounding performed under integer division?
The fractional part of th e result is truncated. This is known as rounding toward zero.
 
93. What happens when a thread  cannot acquire a lock on an object?
If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is
unable to acquire an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes
available.
 
94. What is the difference between the Read er/Writer class hierarchy and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?
The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented.
 
95. What classes of exceptions may be caught by a catch clause?
A catch clause can catch any exception that may b e assigned to the Throwable type. This
includes the Error and Exception types.
 
96. If a class is declared without any access modifiers, where may the class be accessed?
A class that is declared without any access modifiers is said to have package access. This
means that the class can only be accessed by other classes and interfaces that are d efined
within the same package.
 
97. What is the SimpleTimeZone class?
The SimpleTimeZone  class provides support for a Gregorian calend ar.
 
98. What is the Map interface?
The Map interface replaces the JDK 1.1 Dictionary class and is used associate keys with
values.
 
99. Does a class inherit the constructors of its superclass?
A class does not inherit constructors from any of its superclasses.
 
100. For which statements does it make sense to use a label?
The only statements for which it makes sense to use a label are those statements that can
enclose a break or continue statement.
 
101. What is the purpose of the System class?
The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.
 
102. Which TextComponent method is used to set a Tex tComponent to the read-only
state?
setEditable()
 
103. How are the elements of a CardLayout organized?
The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, on e on top of the other, like a deck of cards.
 
104. Is &&= a valid Java operator?
No, it is not.
 
105. Name the eight primitive Java types.
The eight primitive types are byte, char, sho rt, int, long, float, double,  and boolean.
 
106. Which class should you use to obtain design information about an object?
The Class class is used to obtain information about an object's design.
 
107. What is the relationship between clipping and repainting?
When a window is repainted by the AWT painting thread, it sets the clipping regions to
the area of the window that requires  repainting.
 
108. Is "abc" a primitive value?
The String literal "abc" is not a primitive value. It is a String object.
 
109. What is the relationship between an event-listener interface and an event-adapter class?
An event-listener interface defines the methods that must be implemented by an  event
handler for a particular kind of event. An event adapter provides a def ault implementation
of an event-listener interface.
 
110. What restrictions are placed on the values of each  case of a switch statement?
During compilation, the values of each case of a switch statement must evaluate to a
value that can b e promoted to an int value.
 
111. What modifiers may be used with an interface declaration?
An interface may be declared as public or abstract.
 
112. Is a class a subclass of itself?
A class is a subclass of itself.
 
113. What is the highest-level event class of the event-delegation model?
The java.util.EventObject class is the highest-level class in the event-delegation class
hierarchy.
 
114. What event results from the clicking of a button?
The ActionEvent ev ent is gen erated as the r esult of the clickin g of a button. 

115. How can a GUI  component handle its own events?
A component can h andle its own events by implementing the required  event-listener
interface and adding itself as its own event listener.
 
116. What is the difference between a  while statement and a do  statement?
A while statement checks at the beginning of a loop to see whether the next loop iteration
should occur. A do statement checks at the end of a loop to see whether the nex t iteration
of a loop should occur. The do statement will always execute the body of a loop at least
once.
 
117. How are the elements of a GridB agLayout organized?
The elements of a GridBagLayo ut are organized according to a grid. However, the
elements are of different  sizes and may occupy more than one row or column of the grid.
In addition, the rows and columns may have different sizes.
 
118. What advantage do Java's layout managers provide over traditional windowing
systems?
Java uses layout managers to lay out components in a consistent manner acr oss all
windowing platforms. Since Java's layout managers aren't tied to absolute sizing and
positioning, they are able to accomodate platform-specific differen ces among windowin g
systems.
 
119. What is the Collection interface?
The Collection interface provides support for the implementation of a mathematical bag -
an unordered collection of objects that may contain duplicates.
 
120. What modifiers can be used with a local inner class?
A local inner class may be final or abstract.
 
121. What is the difference between static and non-static variables?
A static variable is associated with the class as a whole rather than with specific instances
of a class. Non-static variables take on unique v alues with each object instance.
 
122. What is the difference between the paint() and repaint() methods?
The paint() method supports painting via a Graphics object. The repaint() method is used
to cause paint() to be invoked by th e AWT painting thread.
 
123. What is the purpose of the File class?
The File class is used to create objects that provide access to the files and directories of a
local file system.
 
124. Can an exception be rethrown?
Yes, an exception can be rethrown.

125. Which Math method is used to calculate the absolute value of a number?
The abs() method is used to calculate absolute v alues.
 
126. How does multithreading tak e place on a computer with a single CPU?
The operating system's task scheduler allocates execution time to multiple tasks. By
quickly switching between executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute
sequentially.
 
127. When does the compiler supply a default constructor for a class?
The compiler supplies a default constructor for a class if no other constructors are
provided.
 
128. When is the finally clause of a tr y-catch-finally statement executed?
The finally clause of the try-catch-finally statement is always executed unless the thread
of execution terminates or an exception occurs within the execution of the finally clause.
 
129. Which class is the immediate superclass of the Container class?
Component
 
130. If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed?
A protected method may only be  accessed b y classes or interfaces of the same package or
by subclasses of the class in which it is declared.
 
131. How can the C heckbox class be used to create a radio button?
By associating Checkbox objects with a CheckboxGroup.
 
132. Which non-Unicode letter characters may be used as the first character of an identifier?
The non-Unicode letter characters $ and _ may  appear as the first character of an
identifier
 
133. What restrictions are placed on method overloading?
Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.
 
134. What happens when you invoke a thread's interrupt method while it is sleeping or waiting?
When a task's interrupt() method is executed, the task enters the ready state. The next
time the task enters the running state, an InterruptedException is thrown.
 
135. What is casting?
There are two types of casting, casting between primitive numeric types and casting
between object references. Casting between numeric types is used to convert larger
values, such as double values, to smaller values, such as b yte values. Casting between
object references is used  to refer to an object b y a compatible class, interface, or array
type referen ce.

136. What is the return type of a program's main() method?
A program's main() method has a void return type.
 
137. Name four C ontainer classes.
Window, Frame, Dialog, FileDialog, Panel, Applet, or ScrollPane
 
138. What is the difference between a C hoice and a List?
A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requ ires you to pull it down to see the list
of available choices. Only one item may b e selected from a Choice. A List may be
displayed in such a way that several List items are visible. A List supports the selection
of one or more List items.
 
139. What class of exceptions are generated by the Java run-time system?
The Java runtime system generates RuntimeException and Error exceptions.
 
140. What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?
The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.
 
141. What is the difference between a  field variab le and a local variable?
A field variable is a variable that is declared as a member of a class. A local variable is a
variable that is declared local to a method.
 
142. Under what conditions is an object's finalize() method invoked b y the garbage
collector?
The garbage collector invokes an object's finalize() method when it detects that the object
has become unreachable.
 
143. How are this() and super() used with constructors?
this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class. super() is used to invoke a
superclass constru ctor.
 
144. What is the relationship between a method's throws clause and the exceptions that can be thrown during the method's execution ?
A method's throws clause must declare an y checked exceptions that are not caught within
the body of the method.
 
145. What is the difference between the JDK 1.02 event model and the event-delegation model introduced with JDK 1.1?
The JDK 1.02 event model uses an event inheritance or bubbling approach.  In this model,
components are  required to handle their own events. If they do not handle a  particular
event, the event is inherited by (or bubbled up to) the component's container. The
container then either handles the event or it is bubbled up to its container and so on, until
the highest-level container has been tried..
    
In the  event-d elegation model, specific objects are designated as event handlers for GUI
components. These objects implement event-listener interfaces. The event-delegation
model is more efficient than the event-inheritance model because it eliminates the
processing required to support the bubbling of unhandled events.
 
146. How is it possible for two String objects with identical values not to be equal 
under the == operator?
The == operator compares two objects to determine if they are the same object in
memory. It is possible for two String objects to have the same value, but located
indifferent areas of memory.
 
147. Wh y are the methods of the Math class static?
So they can be invoked as if they are a mathematical code library.
 
148. What Checkbox method allows you to tell if a Checkbox is checked?
getState()
 
149. What state is a thread in when it is executing?
An executing thread is in the running state.
 
150. What are the legal o perands of the instanceof operator?
The left operand is an object reference o r null value and the right operand  is a class,
interface, or array type.
 
151. How are the elements of a Grid Layout or ganized?
The elements of a GridBad layout are of equal size and are laid out using the squares of a
grid.
 
152. What an I/O filter?
An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and writes to another,  usually
altering the data in some way as it is passed from one stream to another.
 
153. If an object is garbage  collected, can it become reachable again?
Once an object is garbage collected, it ceases to exist.  It can no longer become reachable
again.
 
154. What is the Set interface?
The Set interface provides methods for accessing the elements of a finite mathematical
set. Sets do not allow duplicate elements.
 
155. What classes of exceptions may be thrown  by a throw statement?
A throw statement may throw any expression that may be assigned to the Throwable
type.
   
156. What are E and PI?
E is the base of the natural logarithm and PI is mathematical value  pi.
 
157. Are true  and false keywords?
The values true and false are not keywords.
 
158. What is a void return type?
A void return type indicates that a method does not return a value.
 
159. What is the purpose of the enableEvents() method?
The enableEvents() meth od is used to enable an  event for a particular object. Normally,
an event is enabled when  a listener is added to an  object for a particular ev ent. The
enableEvents() method is used by objects that handle events b y overriding their event-
dispatch methods.
 
160. What is the difference between the File and RandomAccessFile classes?
The File class encapsulates the files and directories of the local file system. The
RandomAccessFile class provides the methods needed to directly access data contained
in any part of a  file.
 
161. What happens when you add  a double value to a String?
The result is a String object.
 
162. What is your platform's default character encoding?
If you are running Java on English Windows platforms, it is probably Cp1252.  If  you are
running Java on English Solaris platforms, it is most likely 8859_1..
 
163. Which package is always imported by default?
The java.lang package is always imported b y default.
 
164. What interface must an object implement before it can be  written to a stream as an object?
An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface befo re it can be
written to a stream as  an object.
 
165. How are this and super used?
this is used to refer to the current object instance. super is used to refer to th e variables
and methods of the superclass of the current object instance.
 
166. What is the purpose of garbage collection?
The purpose of  garbage collection is to identify  and discard objects that are no longer
needed by a program so that their resour ces may b e reclaimed and reused.
 
167. What is a compilation unit?
A compilation unit is a Java source code file.
 
168. What interface is extended by AWT event listeners?
All AWT event listeners extend the java.util.EventListener interf ace.
 
169. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?
Overridden methods must have the same n ame, argument list, and return type. 
The overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overrides. 
The overriding method may not throw  any exceptions that may not be thrown 
by the overridden method.
 
170. How can a dead thread be restarted?
A dead thread cannot be restarted.
 
171. What happens if an exception is not caught?
An uncaught exception results in the uncaughtException() method of the thread's
ThreadGroup being invoked, which eventually results in the termination of the program
in which it is thrown.
 
172. What is a layout manager?
A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container.
 
173. Which arithmetic operations can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException?
Integer / and  % can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException.
 
174. What are three ways in which a thread can enter the waiting state?
A thread can enter the waiting state by invoking its sleep() method, b y blocking on  I/O,
by unsuccessfully attempting to acquire an object's lock, or by invoking an object's wait()
method. It can also enter the waiting state by invoking its (deprecated) suspend() method.
 
175. Can an abstract class be final?
An abstract class may not be declared as final.
 
176. What is the ResourceBundle class?
The ResourceBundle class is used to store locale-specific resources that can be loaded by
a program to tailor the program's appearance to th e particular locale in which it is being
run.
 
177. What happens if a try-catch -finally statement does not have a catch  clause to handle
an exception that is thrown within the body of the try statement?
The exception propagates up to the next higher level try-catch statement (if an y) or
results in the program's termination.
   
178. What is numeric promotion?
Numeric promotion is the conversion of a smaller numeric typ e to a larger  numeric type,
so that integer and floating-point operations may take place. In numerical promotion,
byte, char, and short values are converted to int values. The int values are also converted
to long values, if necessary. The long and float values are converted to double values, as
required.
 
179. What is the difference between a Scrollbar and a ScrollPane?
A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container. A ScrollPane is a Container. A
ScrollPane handles its own events and p erforms its own scrolling.
 
180. What is the difference between a public  and a non-public class?
A public class may be accessed outside of its pack age. A non-public class may not be
accessed outside of its package.
 
181. To what value is a variable of the boolean type automatically initialized?
The default value of the  boolean type is false.
 
182. Can try statements be nested?
Try statements may be tested.
 
183. What is the difference between the prefix and postfix forms of the ++ operator?
The prefix form performs the increment operation and returns the value of  the increment
operation. The postfix form returns the current v alue all of the expression and then
performs the increment operation on that value.
 
184. What is the purpose of a statement block?
A statement block is used to organize a sequence of statements as a single statement
group.
 
185. What is a Java package and how is it used?
A Java package is a naming context for classes and interfaces. A package is used to
create a separate name space for groups of  classes and interfaces. Packages are also used
to organize related classes and interfaces into a single API unit and to control
accessibility to these classes and interfaces.
 
186. What modifiers may be used with a top-level class?
A top-level class may be public, abstract, or final.
 
187. What are the Object and Class classes used for?
The Object class is the highest-level class in the Java class hierarchy. The C lass class is
used to represent the classes and interf aces that ar e loaded by a Java program..
 
188. How does a try statement determine which catch clause should be used to handle an
exception?
When an exception is thrown within the body of a try statement, the catch  clauses of the
try statement are examined in the order in which they appear. The first catch clause that is
capable o f handling the exception is executed. The remaining catch clauses are ignored.
 
189. Can an unreachable object become reachable again?
An unreachable object may b ecome reachable again. This can happen when the object's
finalize() method is invoked and the object performs an operation which causes it to
become accessible to reachable objects.
 
190. When is an object subject to garbage collection?
An object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in
which it is used.
 
191. What method must be implemented b y all threads?
All tasks must implement the run() method, whether they are a sub class of  Thread or
implement the Runnable interface.
 
192. What methods are used to get and set the text label displayed by a Button object?
getLabel() and setLabel()
 
193. Which Component subclass is used for drawing and p ainting?
Canvas
 
194. What are synchronized methods and synch ronized statements?
Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A thread
only executes a syn chronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's
object or class. Synchron ized statements are similar to synchronized metho ds. A
synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the
object or class referen ced in the synchronized statement.
 
195. What are the two basic ways in which classes that can be run  as threads may be
defined?
A thread class may be declared  as a subclass of Thread, or it may implement the
Runnable interface.
 
196. What are the problems faced by Java programmers who don't use layout managers?
Without layout managers, Java programmers are faced with determining ho w their GUI
will be displayed across multiple windowing systems and finding a common sizing  and
positioning that will work within the constraints imposed by each windowing system.
 
197. What is the difference between an if statement and a switch statement?
The if statement is used to select among two alternatives. It uses a boolean ex pression to
decide which  alternative should be executed. The switch statement is used to select
among multiple alternatives. It uses an int expression to determine which alternative
should be executed.
 
198. What happens when you add  a double value to a String?
The result is a String object.
 
199. What is the List interface?
The List interface provides support for ord ered collections of objects.